Plant and soil responses to tillage practices change arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi populations during crop growth.

Background: Tillage practices can substantially affect soil properties depending on crop stage. The interaction between tillage and crop growth on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities remains unclear. We investigated the interactions between four tillage treatments (CT: conventional tillage, RT: reduced tillage, NT: no tillage with mulch, and SS: subsoiling with mulch), maintained for 25 years, and two wheat growth stages (elongation stage and grain filling stage) on AMF diversity and community composition. Results: The AMF community composition strongly changed during wheat growth, mainly because of changes in the relative abundance of dominant genera Claroideoglomus, Funneliformi, Rhizophagu, Entrophospora, and Glomus. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the grain filling stage had a more complex network than the elongation stage. Redundancy analysis results showed that keystone genera respond mainly to changes in soil organic carbon during elongation stage, whereas the total nitrogen content affected the keystone genera during grain filling. Compared with CT, the treatments with mulch, i.e., NT and SS, significantly changed the AMF community composition. The change of AMF communities under different tillage practices depended on wheat biomass and soil nutrients. NT significantly increased the relative abundances of Glomus and Septoglomus, while RT significantly increased the relative abundance of Claroideoglomus. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the relative abundance of dominant genera changed during wheat growth stages. Proper tillage practices (e.g., NT and SS) benefit the long-term sustainable development of the Loess Plateau cropping systems.

From Polyester Plastics to Diverse Monomers via Low-Energy Upcycling.

Polyester plastics, constituting over 10% of the total plastic production, are widely used in packaging, fiber, single-use beverage bottles, etc. However, their current depolymerization processes face challenges such as non-broad spectrum recyclability, lack of diversified high-value-added depolymerization products, and crucially high energy consumption. Herein, an efficient strategy is developed for dismantling the compact structure of polyester plastics to achieve diverse monomer recovery. Polyester plastics undergo swelling and decrystallization with a low depolymerization energy barrier via synergistic effects of polyfluorine/hydrogen bonding, which is further demonstrated via density functional theory calculations. The swelling process is elucidated through scanning electron microscopy analysis. Obvious destruction of the crystalline region is demonstrated through X-ray crystal diffractometry curves. PET undergoes different aminolysis efficiently, yielding nine corresponding high-value-added monomers via low-energy upcycling. Furthermore, four types of polyester plastics and five types of blended polyester plastics are closed-loop recycled, affording diverse monomers with exceeding 90% yields. Kilogram-scale depolymerization of real polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste plastics is successfully achieved with a 96% yield.

A long-term cohort study: the immune evasion and decreasing neutralization dominated the SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection.

Most of vaccinees and COVID-19 convalescents can build effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity, which helps preventing infection and alleviating symptoms. However, breakthrough viral infections caused by emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially Omicron subvariants, still pose a serious threat to global health. By monitoring the viral infections and the sera neutralization ability of a long-tracked cohort, we found out that the immune evasion of emerging Omicron subvariants and the decreasing neutralization led to the mini-wave of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. Meanwhile, no significant difference had been found in the infectivity of tested SARS-CoV-2 variants, even though the affinity between human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) and receptor-binding domain (RBDs) of tested variants showed an increasing trend. Notably, the immune imprinting of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine can be relieved by infections of BA.5.2 and XBB.1.5 variants sequentially. Our data reveal the rising reinfection risk of immune evasion variants like Omicron JN.1 in China, suggesting the importance of booster with updated vaccines.

Pathogenic characteristics of an aggregated diarrhea event caused by Plesiomonas shigelloides from stream.

This study aimed to investigate the cause of a foodborne disease outbreak in Huzhou on August 14, 2023. Multiple enteropathogens were detected using FilmArray, and the pathogen was subsequently isolated and cultured from anal swabs of the cases and stream water. The isolated strains were identified using VITEK MS, and antimicrobial susceptibility test, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular typing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed on the isolates of Plesiomonas shigelloides. Gene annotation and sequence alignment were used to analyze the virulence genes and drug resistance genes of the strains. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and homology analysis was conducted to trace the origin of P. shigelloides. A total of 7 strains of P.shigelloides were isolated, with 3 from stream water and 4 from anal swabs. All 7 strains exhibited the same PFGE pattern and showed resistance to amikacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, cefazolin, streptomycin, and florfenicol. The isolated strains carried the same resistance genes and virulence factors. In the sequences of the isolated strains from this outbreak, 11 mutation sites were detected. The phylogenetic tree based on SNP sites showed that these strains were homologous. This foodborne disease outbreak caused by P.shigelloides was the first reported in Huzhou. WGS can be used as a complementary method to PFGE for epidemiological investigations of disease outbreaks.

Energy Barrier and Gaps between Two Excited States in a Dual-Emissive Carborane.

A thorough understanding of the internal conversion process between excited states is important for designing ideal multiple emissive materials. However, it is hard to experimentally measure both the energy barrier and energy gaps between the excited states of a compound. For a long time, it is dubious if what was measured is the energy gap or energy barrier between two excited states. In this paper, we designed 1-(pyren-2'-yl)-9,12-di(p-tolyl)-o-carborane (2), which shows dual emission in solution. Temperature-dependent fluorescence measurements show that the two emission bands in hexane are corresponding to two different excited states. The ratio of the emission bands is controlled by thermodynamics at higher temperatures and by kinetics at lower temperatures. Thus, the energy barrier and energy gaps between the two excited states of 2 can be experimentally estimated.

Optically induced charge-transfer in donor-acceptor-substituted p- and m- C2B10H12 carboranes.

Icosahedral carboranes, C2B10H12, have long been considered to be aromatic but the extent of conjugation between these clusters and their substituents is still being debated. m- and p-Carboranes are compared with m- and p-phenylenes as conjugated bridges in optical functional chromophores with a donor and an acceptor as substituents here. The absorption and fluorescence data for both carboranes from experimental techniques (including femtosecond transient absorption, time-resolved fluorescence and broadband fluorescence upconversion) show that the absorption and emission processes involve strong intramolecular charge transfer between the donor and acceptor substituents via the carborane cluster. From quantum chemical calculations on these carborane systems, the charge transfer process depends on the relative torsional angles of the donor and acceptor groups where an overlap between the two frontier orbitals exists in the bridging carborane cluster.

Hydroxyl-containing triazine-based conjugated microporous polymers for solid phase extraction of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the environment and food samples.

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are a category of broadly used antibiotics. Development of an effective and sensitive approach for determination of trace FQs in environmental and food samples is still challenging. Herein, the hydroxyl-containing triazine-based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs-OH) was constructed and served as SPE absorbent for the efficient enrichment of FQs. Based on DFT simulations, the excellent enrichment capacity between CMPs-OH and FQs was contributed by hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. In combination with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the proposed approach exhibited a wide linear range (0.2-400 ng L-1), low detection limits (0.05-0.15 ng L-1), and good intraday and interday precisions under optimal conditions. In addition, the established method was effectively utilized for the determination of FQs in fourteen samples with recoveries between 82.6 % and 109.2 %. This work provided a feasible sample pretreatment method for monitoring FQs in environmental and food matrices.

Multiparametric MRI-based intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics for predicting the pathological differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To explore the predictive potential of intratumoral and multiregion peritumoral radiomics features extracted from multiparametric MRI for predicting pathological differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. METHODS: A total of 265 patients with 277 HCCs (training cohort n = 193, validation cohort n = 84) who underwent preoperative MRI were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors identified through stepwise regression analysis were utilized to construct a clinical model. Radiomics models based on MRI (arterial phase, portal venous phase, delayed phase) across various regions (entire tumor, Peri_5mm, Peri_10mm, Peri_20mm) were developed using the LASSO approach. The features obtained from the intratumoral region and the optimal peritumoral region were combined to design the IntraPeri fusion model. Model performance was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: Larger size, non-smooth margins, and mosaic architecture were risk factors for poorly differentiated HCC (pHCC). The clinical model achieved AUCs of 0.77 and 0.73 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, while the intratumoral model achieved corresponding AUC values of 0.92 and 0.82. The Peri_10mm model demonstrated superior performance to the Peri_5mm and Peri_20mm models, with AUC values of 0.87 vs. 0.84 vs. 0.73 in the training cohort and 0.80 vs. 0.77 vs. 0.68 in the validation cohort, respectively. The IntraPeri model exhibited remarkable AUC values of 0.95 and 0.86 in predicting pHCC in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the potential of a multiparametric MRI-based radiomic model that integrates intratumoral and peritumoral features as a tool for predicting HCC differentiation. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Both clinical and multiparametric MRI-based radiomic models, particularly the intratumoral radiomic model, are non-invasive tools for predicting HCC differentiation. Importantly, the IntraPeri fusion model exhibited remarkable predictiveness for individualized HCC differentiation. KEY POINTS: • Both the intratumoral radiomics model and clinical features were useful for predicting HCC differentiation. • The Peri_10mm radiomics model demonstrated better diagnostic ability than other peritumoral region-based models. • The IntraPeri radiomics fusion model outperformed the other models for predicting HCC differentiation.

Predictable regulation of survival by intratumoral microbe-immune crosstalk in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Intratumoral microbiota can regulate the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and mediate tumor prognosis by promoting inflammatory response or inhibiting anti-tumor effects. Recent studies have elucidated the potential role of local tumor microbiota in the development and progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, whether intratumoral microbes are involved in the TIME that mediates the prognosis of LUAD remains unknown. Here, we obtained the matched tumor microbiome and host transcriptome and survival data of 478 patients with LUAD in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Machine learning models based on immune cell marker genes can predict 1- to 5-year survival with relative accuracy. Patients were stratified into high- and low-survival-risk groups based on immune cell marker genes, with significant differences in intratumoral microbial communities. Specifically, patients in the high-risk group had significantly higher alpha diversity (p < 0.05) and were characterized by an enrichment of lung cancer-related genera such as Streptococcus. However, network analysis highlighted a more active pattern of dominant bacteria and immune cell crosstalk in TIME in the low-risk group compared to the high-risk group. Our study demonstrated that intratumoral microbiota-immune crosstalk was strongly associated with prognosis in LUAD patients, which would provide new targets for the development of precise therapeutic strategies.

Pathological image profiling identifies onco-microbial, tumor immune microenvironment, and prognostic subtypes of colorectal cancer.

Histology slide, tissue microbes, and the host gene expression can be independent prognostic factors of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the underlying associations and biological significance of these multimodal omics remain unknown. Here, we comprehensively profiled the matched pathological images, intratumoral microbes, and host gene expression characteristics in 527 patients with CRC. By clustering these patients based on histology slide features, we classified the patients into two histology slide subtypes (HSS). Onco-microbial community and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) were also significantly different between the two subtypes (HSS1 and HSS2) of patients. Furthermore, variation in intratumoral microbes-host interaction was associated with the prognostic heterogeneity between HSS1 and HSS2. This study proposes a new CRC classification based on pathological image features and elucidates the process by which tumor microbes-host interactions are reflected in pathological images through the TIME.

4,9- and 4,10-Substituted pyrenes: synthesis, successful isolation, and optoelectronic properties.

We report herein a way to prepare and purify optoelectronic functional 4,9- and 4,10-substituted pyrene isomers. By tuning the size of substituents, the designed 4,9- and 4,10-isomers can be successfully isolated by recycling preparative size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and/or repeated recrystallization. The structure and purity of the isolated compounds 1-5 have been confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of compounds 1-5 have been studied in detail both experimentally and theoretically. The lowest transitions of these pyrenes, 1-5, are allowed, with moderate to high fluorescence quantum yields and radiative decay rates around 108 s-1. The differences between the electrochemical and photophysical properties of 4,9-, 4,10-, 1,6-, and 2,7-substituted isomers are compared and concluded.

The crosstalk between Toll and AMPK signaling pathways mediates growth inhibition of Eriocheir sinensis under deltamethrin stress.

Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (HPND) broke out in 2015 in the Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture region of Xinghua, Jiangsu Province; however, the specific cause of HPND remains unclear. A correlation was found between HPND outbreak and the use of deltamethrin by farmers. In this study, E. sinensis specimens developed the clinical symptoms of HPND after 93 days of deltamethrin stress. The growth of E. sinensis with HPND was inhibited. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central regulator of energy homeostasis, and its expression was up-regulated in the intestine of E. sinensis with HPND. Growth inhibitory genes (EsCabut, Es4E-BP, and EsCG6770) were also up-regulated in the intestine of E. sinensis with HPND. The expression levels of EsCabut, Es4E-BP, and EsCG6770 decreased after EsAMPK knockdown. Therefore, AMPK mediated the growth inhibition of E. sinensis with HPND. Further analysis indicated the presence of a crosstalk between the Toll and AMPK signaling pathways in E. sinensis with HPND. Multiple genes in the Toll signaling pathway were upregulated in E. sinensis under 93 days of deltamethrin stress. EsAMPK and its regulated growth inhibition genes were down-regulated after the knockdown of genes in the Toll pathway. In summary, the crosstalk between the Toll and AMPK signaling pathways mediates the growth inhibition of E. sinensis under deltamethrin stress.

Different responses of taxonomic and functional trait structure of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages to eutrophication in a large Chinese freshwater lake.

Functional trait measures have the potential to represent local habitat conditions and are considered promising tools for biomonitoring and bioassessment programs. Macroinvertebrates are an ecologically significant group in freshwater ecosystems and possess a range of functional traits which are employed to assess ecological quality. Nevertheless, the relationships between macroinvertebrate functional structure and anthropogenic disturbances remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comparison of how functional trait-based and taxonomy-based composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages responded to eutrophication in Lake Taihu, a typical large eutrophic freshwater lake in China. Specifically, we examined both the taxonomy-based and trait-based compositions of benthic macroinvertebrates varied along the eutrophication gradient. Eutrophication was associated with remarkable decreases in the abundance of gastropod taxa and increases in Oligochaeta and Chironomidae. Ten categories belonging to six traits were significantly different among three site groups. The eutrophic and transition sites showed higher abundance of Size2, burrowers, and integument-respiration organisms than macrophytic sites, whereas abundance of Size1, conical-shaped, sprawlers, scrapers, and lung-respiration were higher in macrophytic sites. Both taxonomic (36.8%) and functional compositions (39.8%) of macroinvertebrate assemblages were influenced by the same variables: CODMn and transparency. Our study showed that macroinvertebrate trait-based approaches can be considered a useful supplement to traditional taxonomic approach for biomonitoring programs in freshwater lakes.

The role of membrane components on the oleosome lubrication properties.

HYPOTHESIS: Oleosomes are natural oil droplets with a unique phospholipid/protein membrane, abundant in plant seeds, from which they can be extracted and used in emulsion-based materials, such as foods, cosmetics and pharmaceutics. The lubrication properties of such materials are essential, on one hand, due to the importance of the in-mouth creaminess for the consumed products or the importance of spreading the topical creams. Therefore, here, we will evaluate the lubrication properties of oleosomes, and how these properties are affected by the components at the oleosome membrane. EXPERIMENT: Oleosomes were extracted, and their oral lubricating properties were evaluated using tribology. To understand the influence of the oil droplet membrane composition, reconstituted oleosomes were also studied, with membranes that differed in protein/lecithin ratio. Additionally, whey protein- and lecithin-stabilised emulsions were used as reference samples. Confocal laser scattering microscopy was used to study the samples visually before and after tribological analysis. FINDINGS: Oleosomes followed a ball-bearing mechanism, which was probably related to their high physical stability due to the presence of membrane proteins. When the membrane protein concentration at the surface was reduced, the droplet stability weakened, leading to plating-out lubrication. Following our results, we elucidated the oleosome lubrication mechanism and showed their possible control by changing the membrane composition.

Integration of Yeast Episomal/Integrative Plasmid Causes Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity and Improved Sesquiterpene Production in Metabolically Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The variability in phenotypic outcomes among biological replicates in engineered microbial factories presents a captivating mystery. Establishing the association between phenotypic variability and genetic drivers is important to solve this intricate puzzle. We applied a previously developed auxin-inducible depletion of hexokinase 2 as a metabolic engineering strategy for improved nerolidol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and biological replicates exhibit a dichotomy in nerolidol production of either 3.5 or 2.5 g L-1 nerolidol. Harnessing Oxford Nanopore's long-read genomic sequencing, we reveal a potential genetic cause─the chromosome integration of a 2µ sequence-based yeast episomal plasmid, encoding the expression cassettes for nerolidol synthetic enzymes. This finding was reinforced through chromosome integration revalidation, engineering nerolidol and valencene production strains, and generating a diverse pool of yeast clones, each uniquely fingerprinted by gene copy numbers, plasmid integrations, other genomic rearrangements, protein expression levels, growth rate, and target product productivities. Τhe best clone in two strains produced 3.5 g L-1 nerolidol and ∼0.96 g L-1 valencene. Comparable genotypic and phenotypic variations were also generated through the integration of a yeast integrative plasmid lacking 2µ sequences. Our work shows that multiple factors, including plasmid integration status, subchromosomal location, gene copy number, sesquiterpene synthase expression level, and genome rearrangement, together play a complicated determinant role on the productivities of sesquiterpene product. Integration of yeast episomal/integrative plasmids may be used as a versatile method for increasing the diversity and optimizing the efficiency of yeast cell factories, thereby uncovering metabolic control mechanisms.

Triple B←N Lewis Pair-Functionalized Triazatruxenes with Large Stokes Shifts.

A novel class of multiple B←N Lewis pair-functionalized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with different BR2 groups (R = Cl or Et) directly attached at positions 1, 6, and 11 of triazatruxene was synthesized. The triazatruxene backbone of 4 displays a bowl shape, and its molecular skeleton shows a highly twisted propeller-like structure with C3 symmetry. The introduction of B←N Lewis pairs not only results in a large decrease in the HOMO-LUMO gap but also lowers the LUMO to -3.00 eV. Both compounds show excellent stability with large Stokes shifts of ≤8234 cm-1 and solvatochromic emission in solvents of different polarities.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA stabilizes host mRNAs to elicit immunopathogenesis.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA interacts with host factors to suppress interferon responses and simultaneously induces cytokine release to drive the development of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, how SARS-CoV-2 hijacks host RNAs to elicit such imbalanced immune responses remains elusive. Here, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in situ structures and interactions in infected cells and patient lung samples using RIC-seq. We discovered that SARS-CoV-2 RNA forms 2,095 potential duplexes with the 3' UTRs of 205 host mRNAs to increase their stability by recruiting RNA-binding protein YBX3 in A549 cells. Disrupting the SARS-CoV-2-to-host RNA duplex or knocking down YBX3 decreased host mRNA stability and reduced viral replication. Among SARS-CoV-2-stabilized host targets, NFKBIZ was crucial for promoting cytokine production and reducing interferon responses, probably contributing to cytokine storm induction. Our study uncovers the crucial roles of RNA-RNA interactions in the immunopathogenesis of RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and provides valuable host targets for drug development.

Light-driven thermocatalytic CO2 reduction by CH4 on alumina-cluster-modified Ni nanoparticles with excellent durability and high light-to-fuel efficiency promoted by the photoactivation effect.

Using inexhaustible solar energy to drive efficient light-driven thermocatalytic CO2 reduction by CH4 (DRM) is an attractive approach that can synchronously reduce the greenhouse effect and convert solar energy into fuels. However, it is often limited by the intense light intensity required to produce high fuel production rates, and the catalyst deactivation due to severe carbon deposition generated from side reactions. Herein, a nanostructure of alumina-cluster-modified Ni nanoparticles supported on Al2O3 nanorods (ACM-Ni/Al2O3) was synthesized, displaying good catalytic performance under focused UV-vis-IR illumination. By light-driven thermocatalytic DRM on ACM-Ni/Al2O3 at a reduced light intensity of 76.9 kW m-2, the high fuel production rates of H2 (rH2, 65.7 mmol g-1 min-1) and CO (rCO, 78.8 mmol g-1 min-1), as well as an efficient light-to-fuel efficiency (η, 26.3 %) are achieved without additional heating. The rH2 and rCO of light-driven thermocatalysis are 2.9 and 1.9 times higher, respectively, compared to conventional thermocatalysis at the same temperature. We have discovered that high light-driven thermocatalytic activity originates from the photoactivation effect, significantly reducing the apparent activation energy and facilitating C* oxidation as a decisive step in DRM. ACM-Ni/Al2O3 possesses excellent durability and exhibits an extremely low coking rate of 4.40 × 10-3 gc gcatalyst-1 h-1, which is 26.8 times lower than that of the reference sample without Al2O3 cluster modification (R-Ni/Al2O3). This is owing to a decrease in activation energies (Ea) of C* oxidation and an increase in Ea of C* polymerization by the surface modification of Ni nanoparticles with Al2O3 clusters, effectively inhibiting carbon deposition.

Self-Assembly of Lanthanide-Aluminum Cluster-Organic Frameworks with Magnetocaloric Effect and Luminescence.

The self-assembly of the lanthanide metal-organic frameworks presents a formidable challenge but profound significance. Compared with the metal-organic frameworks based on 4f-3d ions, the chemistry of 4f-3p metal-organic frameworks has not been fully explored so far. In this study, two lanthanide-aluminum-based clusters [Ln6Al(IN)10(µ3-OH)5(µ3-O)3(H2O)8]·xH2O (x = 2, Ln = Gd, abbreviated as Gd6Al; x = 2.5, Ln = Eu, abbreviated as Eu6Al; HIN = isonicotinic acid) have been meticulously designed and obtained by hydrothermal reaction at low pH. The crystallographic study revealed that both Gd6Al and Eu6Al clusters exhibit an unprecedented sandwiched metal-organic framework holding a highly ordered honeycomb network. To our knowledge, it is the first case of Ln-Al-based cluster-organic frameworks. Furthermore, magnetic investigation of Gd6Al manifests a decent magnetic entropy change of -ΔSmmax = 28.8 J kg-1 K-1 at 2 K for ΔH = 7.0 T. Significantly, the introduction of AlIII ions into the lanthanide metal-organic frameworks displays excellent solid-state luminescent capability with a lifetime of 371.6 µs and quantum yield of 6.64%. The construction and investigation of these two Ln-Al clusters represent great progress in the 4f-3p metal-organic framework.

An iron-containing POM-based hybrid compound as a heterogeneous catalyst for one-step hydroxylation of benzene to phenol.

It is a major challenge to perform one-pot hydroxylation of benzene to phenol under mild conditions, which replaces the environmentally harmful cumene method. Thus, finding highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts that can be recycled is extremely significant. Herein, a (POM)-based hybrid compound {[FeII(pyim)2(C2H5O)][FeII(pyim)2(H2O)][PMoV2MoVI9VIV3O42]}·H2O (pyim = 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole) (Fe2-PMo11V3) was successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using typical Keggin POMs, iron ions and pyim ligands. Single-crystal diffraction shows that the Fe-pyim unit in Fe2-PMo11V3 forms a stable double-supported skeleton by Fe-O bonding to the polyacid anion. Remarkably, due to the introduction of vanadium, Fe2-PMo11V3 forms a divanadium-capped conformation. Benzene oxidation experiments indicated that Fe2-PMo11V3 can catalyze the benzene hydroxylation reaction to phenol in a mixed solution of acetonitrile and acetic acid containing H2O2 at 60 °C, affording a phenol yield of about 16.2% and a selectivity of about 94%.